The Effect of LMS-Based Hybrid Learning on Seafarer Upgrading Training Participants' Satisfaction through Technology Acceptance and Digital Literacy at BP2TL Jakarta

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing Learning Management System (LMS)-based hybrid learning on the satisfaction of Level III, IV, and V seafarer upgrading training participants at the Jakarta Sea Transportation Education and Training Center (BP2TL Jakarta), with technology acceptance and digital literacy as mediating variables. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The research population consisted of 172 participants divided into the Nautical Officer and Marine Engineering programs at Levels III, IV, and V. The sample was determined using a stratified random sampling technique based on the criteria of Hair et al. (2021), with a minimum of 150 respondents, and 163 valid questionnaires were successfully collected. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS software. The results show that the implementation of LMS-based hybrid learning has a positive and significant effect on technology acceptance, digital literacy, and training participants' satisfaction. Digital literacy was also proven to have a positive and significant effect on training participants' satisfaction, while technology acceptance had no significant effect on training participants' satisfaction. The mediation analysis further shows that digital literacy significantly mediates the relationship between LMS-based hybrid learning and training participants' satisfaction, whereas technology acceptance does not demonstrate a significant mediating role. This pattern indicates that digital literacy provides a partial mediation mechanism because LMS-based hybrid learning remains directly associated with training participant satisfaction. These findings indicate that the success of LMS-based learning is not only determined by participants' acceptance of technology but is more determined by participants' ability to effectively utilize digital technology to support the learning process. This study implies that BP2TL Jakarta needs to continue improving the quality of its LMS, strengthening participants' digital literacy, and developing a more flexible, interactive hybrid learning model that suits the needs of seafarer training participants.